| 释义 | 
             
                recalcitrant substrate
                
            感光底层gǎn guāng dǐ céng 
 substrate顽抗的wán kàng de 
 recalcitrant顽抗者wán kàng zhě 
 recalcitrant底土层dǐ tǔ céng 
 substrate下层xià céng 
 substrate, underlayer本源běn yuán 
 fountain, fountainhead, substrate酶作用物méi zuò yòng wù 
 substrate拗强niù qiáng 
 obstinate and pig-headed; recalcitrant顽强的wán qiáng de 
 dogged; bullheaded; recalcitrant; dour衬底chèn dǐ 
 underlayment; substrate; substratum; supporting base反抗的fǎn kàng de 
 mutinous, rebel, rebellious, recalcitrant, resistant底层dǐ céng 
 bottom, ground floor, rough coat, substrate, understratum培养基péi yǎng jī 
 substrate; nutrient medium; culture medium; medium
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