Raman scattering
![](/Images/godic/202502/06/Electron-scattering5134.png")
![The different possibilities of light scattering: Rayleigh scattering (no exchange of energy: incident and scattered photons have the same energy), Stokes Raman scattering (atom or molecule absorbs energy: scattered photon has less energy than the incident photon) and anti-Stokes Raman scattering (atom or molecule loses energy: scattered photon has more energy than the incident photon)](/Images/godic/202502/06/Ramanscattering.svg5134.png")
Raman scattering or the Raman effect /ˈrɑːmən/ is the inelastic scattering of a photon. It was discovered by C. V. Raman and K. S. Krishnan (who was one of C.V. Raman's students) in liquids, and independently by Grigory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam in crystals. The effect had been predicted theoretically by Adolf Smekal in 1923.