拉尔夫·沃尔多·艾里森（Ralph Waldo Ellison, 1913年3月1日－1994年4月16日），美国黑人学者、作家，生于俄克拉何马城。他主要以长篇小说《隐形人》知名，该书于1953年获国家图书奖。

Ralph Waldo Ellison (March 1, 1913 – April 16, 1994) was an American novelist, literary critic, and scholar. He was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Ellison is best known for his novel Invisible Man, which won the National Book Award in 1953. He also wrote Shadow and Act (1964), a collection of political, social and critical essays, and Going to the Territory (1986). For The New York Times, the best of these essays in addition to the novel put him "among the gods of America's literary Parnassus." A posthumous novel, Juneteenth, was published after being assembled from voluminous notes he left after his death.