RAII全称为Resource Acquisition Is Initialization，它是在一些面向对象语言中的一种惯用法。RAII源于C++，在Java，C#，D，Ada，Vala和Rust中也有应用。1984-1989年期间，比雅尼·斯特劳斯特鲁普和安德鲁·柯尼希在设计C++异常时，为解决资源管理时的异常安全性而使用了该用法，后来比雅尼·斯特劳斯特鲁普将其称为RAII。

RAII要求，资源的有效期与持有资源的对象的生命期严格绑定，即由对象的构造函数完成资源的分配(获取)，同时由析构函数完成资源的释放。在这种要求下，只要对象能正确地析构，就不会出现资源泄露问题。

Resource Acquisition Is Initialization (RAII) is a programming idiom used in several object-oriented languages, most prominently C++, where it originated, but also D, Ada, Vala, and Rust. The technique was developed for exception-safe resource management in C++ during 1984–89, primarily by Bjarne Stroustrup and Andrew Koenig, and the term itself was coined by Stroustrup. RAII is generally pronounced as an initialism, sometimes pronounced as "R, A, double I".