qCO
![Figure 1: Recommended location of the electrodes. For using the qCO it is only necessary to place the electrodes, connect it to a PC via USB and run the software.Figure 2: Time relationship between the ECG, dZ and dZ/dt waveforms. The more characteristic points of the dZ/dt waveform are identified as B, which is the opening moment to the aortic valve (identified as the local minima before the C point). The C is the maximum blood flow in the left ventricle (dZ/dtmax). The X reveals the closing of aortic valve (identified as local minima after C point) and the LVET (Left-Ventricular Ejection Time) is the time interval between the opening and closure of the aortic valve, i.e., the interval between the points B and X.](/Images/godic/202502/05/QCO_location4216.png")
![](/Images/godic/202502/05/QCO_waves4216.png")
![](/Images/godic/202502/05/Stroke_volume_decresing4216.png")
![Figure 3: For maximal reliability, the PLR test must be performed following some rules. One possible variation of PLR starts from the semi-recumbent position 1. The second step comprises to go down the trunk and raise legs maintaining the angle between them using the automatic motion of the bed for avoiding artefacts. Finally the third step goes back to position 1 to ensure that the subject recovers the previous hemodynamic parameters.](/Images/godic/202502/05/Passive_Leg_Raising_test4216.png")
qCO (quantium Medical Cardiac Output) uses impedance cardiography in a simple, continuous, and non-invasive way to estimate the Cardiac output (CO) and other hemodynamic parameters such as the Stroke Volume (SV) and Cardiac index (CI). The CO estimated by the qCO monitor is referred to as the “qCO”. The impedance plethysmography allows determining changes in volume of the body tissues based on the measurement of the electric impedance at the body surface.