皮埃尔-约瑟夫·普鲁东 （法语：Pierre-Joseph Proudhon，1809年1月15日－1865年1月19日），法国互惠共生论经济学家，首位自称无政府主义者的人，也就是无政府主义的奠基人。他1840年出版的著作《什幺是所有权？》一书中，提出了让他蜚声于世的论点——“财产就是犯罪”。

普鲁东提出联邦契约制取代国家以及任何集中制的共同体，联邦契约制的根本法则是，负责运行契约的当局永远不能高踞于各组成员之上，联邦的职权在数量上和实际上永远不能超过公社当局或各省当局的职权，正如公社和各省的职权不能超过个人和公民的权益一样。人们按照理性的指示，共同遵守天然和社会的法则，既无政府又有秩序的社会。

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (French: [pjɛʁ ʒɔzɛf pʁudɔ̃]; 15 January 1809 – 19 January 1865) was a French politician and the founder of mutualist philosophy. He was the first person to declare himself an anarchist and is widely regarded as one of the ideology's most influential theorists. Proudhon is even considered by many to be the "father of anarchism". He became a member of the French Parliament after the revolution of 1848, whereafter he referred to himself as a federalist.