Proton nuclear magnetic resonance
![Example 1H NMR spectrum (1-dimensional) of a mixture of menthol enantiomers plotted as signal intensity (vertical axis) vs. chemical shift (in ppm on the horizontal axis). Signals from spectrum have been assigned hydrogen atom groups (a through j) from the structure shown at upper left.](/Images/godic/202502/04/Menthol_Proton_Spectrum0502.jpg")
![Example 1H NMR spectrum (1-dimensional) of ethyl acetate plotted as signal intensity vs. chemical shift. There are three different types of H atoms in ethyl acetate regarding NMR. The hydrogens (H) on the CH3COO- (acetate) group are not coupling with the other H atoms and appear as a singlet, but the -CH2- and -CH3 hydrogens of the ethyl group (-CH2CH3) are coupling with each other, resulting in a quartet and triplet respectively.](/Images/godic/202502/04/1H_NMR_Ethyl_Acetate_Coupling_shown0502.png")
![H NMR spectrum of a solution of HD (labeled with red bars) and H2 (blue bar). The 1:1:1 triplet for HD arises from heteronuclear (different isotopes) coupling.](/Images/godic/202502/04/lossless-page1-220px-H2&HDlowRes.tiff0502.png")
![](/Images/godic/202502/04/J-Coupling-simple-multiplets0502.gif")
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (proton NMR, hydrogen-1 NMR, or H NMR) is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance in NMR spectroscopy with respect to hydrogen-1 nuclei within the molecules of a substance, in order to determine the structure of its molecules. In samples where natural hydrogen (H) is used, practically all the hydrogen consists of the isotope H (hydrogen-1; i.e. having a proton for a nucleus). A full H atom is called protium.