访问控制（英语：Access control）是指允许或禁止某人使用某项资源的能力。

现实生活中的访问控制可以由付费或者认证达成。例如，火车站的剪票员要求旅客排成一列依序剪票，未持票旅客不得上车；或者公司警卫要求员工出示识别证，否则不得进入办公室等。

In the fields of access control is the selective restriction of access to a place or other resource. The act of accessing may mean consuming, entering, or using. Permission to access a resource is called authorization.

Locks and login credentials are two analogous mechanisms of access control.