There are several surviving artifacts such as the Abydos King List, the Saqqara Tablet and the Turin King List that egyptologists rely on to establish the timeline of the pharaohs.

有几件现存的文物，如阿拜多斯王表，塞加拉石碑和都林王名表，埃及古物学家依靠这些来建立法老的时间表。