电位器（英文：Potentiometer，通俗上也简称 Pot，少数直译成电位计），中文通常又称为可变电阻器（VR，Variable Resistor）或简称可变电阻，是一种具有三个端子，其中有两个固定接点与一个滑动接点，可经由滑动而改变滑动端与两个固定端间电阻值的电子零件，属于被动组件，使用时可形成不同的分压比率，改变滑动点的电位，因而得名。

至于只有两个端子的可变电阻器（rheostat）（或已将滑动端与其中一个固定端保持连接，对外实际只有两个有效端子的）并不称为电位器，只能称为可变电阻（variable resistor）。

A potentiometer, informally a pot, is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat.

The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a voltage divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of the same principle, hence its name.