平权法案（英语：Affirmative action），直译“扶持行动”或者“肯定性行动”，又称优惠性差别待遇、积极平权等，是指防止对“肤色、宗教、性别或民族出身”等少数群体或弱势群体歧视的一种手段，将这些群体给予优待来消除歧视，从而达到平等。平权行动主要集中于就业、教育、工程承包和医疗方案，如入学的种族配额及选举的性别配额等，籍此减少歧视及避免少数族群在就业和教育上受到不公平对待。但这种措施也时常引起逆向歧视等争议。

Affirmative action (known as employment equity in Canada, reservation in India and Nepal, and positive discrimination in the UK) is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who currently suffer or historically have suffered from discrimination within a culture. Often, these people are disadvantaged for historical reasons, such as oppression or slavery. Historically and internationally, support for affirmative action has sought to achieve goals such as bridging inequalities in employment and pay, increasing access to education, promoting diversity, and redressing apparent past wrongs, harms, or hindrances. The nature of affirmative action policies varies from region to region. Some countries, such as India, use a quota system, whereby a certain percentage of jobs or school vacancies must be reserved for members of a certain group. In some other regions, specific quotas do not exist; instead, members of minorities are given preference in selection processes.