Like the Indians, we ought to know how to get the starch out of fern and saxifrage stalks, lily bulbs, pine bark, etc.

像印第安人一样， 我们应该知道如何从蕨类植物和虎耳草的茎、百合球茎、松树皮等中提取淀粉。

Back in 1874, a group of German scientists figured out what vanillin looked like and started making it out of a chemical in pine bark called coniferin that smells and tastes like cloves.

早在 1874 年，一群德国科学家就弄清楚了香兰素的样子， 并开始用松树皮中一种叫做针叶树素的化学物质制造它， 这种化学物质闻起来和尝起来都像丁香。