虱毛目（学名：Phthiraptera）是原虱目和食毛目的合称，通称虱或虱子（英语：louse）。全世界约有3,000种。虱寄生于人体、其他哺乳动物（除了单孔目和蝙蝠外）和鸟类的身上。以人类为宿主的虱有三种：人头虱、人体虱和阴虱（又称耻阴虱）。其中，人头虱和人体虱属于人虱科（Pediculus humanus），阴虱属于阴虱科（Pthirus pubis）。

虱体型较小，无翅，身体扁平，寄生于毛发处，有善于勾住毛发的足（攫握器）。虱为渐变态发育，终生寄生于宿主体表，以宿主血液、毛发、皮屑等为食。寄生于人体的虱主要以宿主血液为食，其若虫每日吸血1次，成虫每日吸血数次。

Louse (plural: lice) is the common name for members of the order Phthiraptera, which contains nearly 5,000 species of wingless insect. Lice are obligate parasites, living externally on warm-blooded hosts which include every species of bird and mammal, except for monotremes, pangolins, bats and cetaceans. Lice are vectors of diseases such as typhus.