Participative decision-making

Participative decision-making (PDM) is the extent to which employers allow or encourage employees to share or participate in organizational decision-making (Probst, 2005). According to Cotton et al. (1988), the format of PDM could be formal or informal. In addition, the degree of participation could range from zero to 100% in different Participative Management (PM) stages (Cotton et al. 1988; Black & Gregersen 1997; Brenda, 2001).