蛎鹬科（学名Haematopodidae）又称蛎鸻科，是鸟纲鸻形目的一个科，其下仅有蛎鹬属一属，现存共11种。生活在除极地以外的海岸地区，体色主要包括黑色、黑白、棕色和白色。

The oystercatchers are a group of waders forming the family Haematopodidae, which has a single genus, Haematopus. They are found on coasts worldwide apart from the polar regions and some tropical regions of Africa and South East Asia. The exception to this is the Eurasian oystercatcher and the South Island oystercatcher, both of which breed inland, far inland in some cases. In the past there has been a great deal of confusion as to the species limits, with discrete populations of all black oystercatchers being afforded specific status but pied oystercatchers being considered one single species.