骨舌鱼目是属于辐鳍鱼纲骨舌总目的，是几种体型笨重的热带河鱼的统称。其鳔发达，富有血管，但鳔不与颅骨相连，除头部外，全身覆盖着大而坚硬的镶嵌状鳞。除异耳鱼科外，本目鱼均为肉食，基本生活在淡水中，也有的种类生活在淡咸水中。本科中最大的种类为南美的巨骨舌鱼，长可达约2.4米，重约91千克，体绿色，有淡红色尾鳍。 共有6科：

Osteoglossiformes (Greek: "bony tongues") is a relatively primitive order of ray-finned fish that contains two sub-orders, the Osteoglossoidei and the Notopteroidei. All of at least 245 living species inhabit freshwater. They are found in South America, Africa, Australia and southern Asia, having first evolved in Gondwana before that continent broke up.