Low blood sodium levels and low plasma osmolarity combined with high urine osmolality and high urine sodium is a giant red flag for SIADH.

低钠血症和低血浆渗透压合并高尿液渗透压、高尿钠，是SIADH的警示。

Another important mechanism is hyperosmolarity, which is where there is an increased extracellular osmolarity, relative to the intracellular space.

另一个重要机制是高渗透压，即相对于细胞内，细胞外渗透压增高。

The kidneys regulate osmolarity because they have direct control over how many ions and how much water a person excretes.

肾脏调节渗透压，因为它们直接控制一个人排出多少离子和多少水。

Having said that, a complication called hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (or HHS) is much more common in type 2 diabetes than type 1 diabetes - and it causes increased plasma osmolarity due to extreme dehydration and concentration of the blood.

虽说如此，一种叫高渗性高血糖状态（HHS）的并发症在2型糖尿病中比在1型糖尿病中更常见，它会造成由极度缺水和血液浓缩引起的血浆渗透压增加。