敞车是铁路货车的车种之一，其特色为无盖、四边侧板，其中两边侧板有可翻开之侧门，以方便卸除货物。该车型主要用途为运煤或道碴等不畏风雨之散装物品。

敞车代号因国家而异，例如中国铁路货车基本型号使用“C”，**使用“G”，日本货物铁道（JR货物）以“トラ”（Tora）表示。

Open wagons form a large group of railway goods wagons designed primarily for the transportation of bulk goods that are not moisture-retentive and can usually be tipped, dumped or shovelled. The International Union of Railways (UIC) distinguishes between ordinary wagons (Class E/UIC-type 5) and special wagons (F/6). Open wagons often form a significant part of a railway company's goods wagon fleet; for example, forming just under 40% of the Deutsche Bahn's total goods wagon stock in Germany.