欧巴宾海蝎（学名：Opabinia），是一种存活在寒武纪的生物。此种生物只有一个种。另一种学名为Myoscolex的同一科生物很有可能与其具亲缘关系。

此种生物具有环节结构，并具未矿化的外骨骼。身体总长度为40至70毫米。牠的头部长有五颗以眼柄支撑并突出的眼睛，视力范围很可能到达360°。而在头部下方则有长着如同长袜一般的吻部。在长吻的末端为具抓握性的刺状物，而这种结构则普遍认为用以捉拿猎物。

牠具有跟现今所有生物都不同的鳃，以及很多如同旗帜一般的附肢。而奇虾，则被认为是与之具相近结构的生物(同样已灭绝)。牠的三条最后的旗帜状附肢一同形成尾部。与现今所有已知，同样分体节的节肢动物不同的是，牠的头部似乎并没有很清楚地与体节分开来。

Opabinia regalis is an extinct, stem group arthropod found in the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Lagerstätte of British Columbia, Canada. Fewer than twenty good specimens have been described; 3 specimens of Opabinia are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise less than 0.1% of the community. Opabinia was a soft-bodied animal of modest size, and its segmented body had lobes along the sides and a fan-shaped tail. The head shows unusual features: five eyes, a mouth under the head and facing backwards, and a proboscis that probably passed food to the mouth. Opabinia probably lived on the seafloor, using the proboscis to seek out small, soft food.