N-甲基-D-天门冬胺酸受体（英语：N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor，简称NMDA受体或NMDAR）为麸胺酸盐受体，是一个主要的分子设备，控制突触的可塑性与记忆功能。

NMDA受体是一种离子型麸胺酸盐受体的特别型态。NMDA（N-甲基-D-天门冬胺酸）是一种选择性致效剂，可以与NMDA受体结合，但是无法和其他麸胺酸盐受体结合。NMDA受体的结合，会导致离子信道非选择性地开启，使阳离子通过，进而使平衡电位改变至接近0毫伏特。NMDA受体进行活化，必须依赖电压，这会导致离子信道会阻挡细胞外的Mg与Zn离子通过，并允许Na离子与少量Ca离子流入细胞，以及使K离子流出细胞，并保持电压的依赖性。

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR), is a glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells. It is activated when glutamate and glycine (or D-serine) bind to it, and when activated it allows positively charged ions to flow through the cell membrane. The NMDA receptor is very important for controlling synaptic plasticity and memory function.