粉色面包霉菌
粉色面包霉菌（Neurospora crassa，又译红面包霉菌等）是一种属于子囊菌门（Ascomycota）的霉菌。由于生长容易，且拥有单倍体世代，使隐性遗传可直接展现，进而使遗传学分析较为简易，因此是一种生物学上的模式生物。本属名字意为“神经孢子”，指的是孢子 中的特征条纹。这种真菌的第一次发布是于1843年从法国面包店的侵染。
N. crassa的早期研究者乔治·比德尔（George Wells Beadle）与爱德华·塔特姆（Edward Tatum），在实验中利用X射线照射使N. crassa发生突变，进而观察到因酵素失效而遭破坏的生化代谢途径，并由此确立了基因编码与蛋白质的关系。两人因此获得1958年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
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![Neurospora crassa life cycle. The haploid mycelium reproduces ****ually by two processes: (1) simple proliferation of existing mycelium, and (2) formation of conidia (macro- and micro-) which can be dispersed and then germinate to produce new mycelium. In the sexual cycle, mating can only occur between individual strains of different mating type, A and a. Fertilization occurs by the passage of nuclei of conidia or mycelium of one mating type into the protoperithecia of the opposite mating type through the trichogyne. Fusion of the nuclei of opposite mating types occurs within the protoperithecium to form a zygote (2N) nucleus.](/Images/godic/202501/29/Neurospora_crassa_life_cycle2752.jpg")