In children and teens, the most common causes are Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

在儿童和青少年中，最常见病因是脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌和肺炎链球菌。

Prevention with a vaccine, is appropriate for some causes like Neisseria meningitidis, but also for mumps and for disseminated tuberculosis.

预防方案用疫苗，适用于像奈瑟菌引起的脑膜炎，同时对腮腺炎和播散性结核病引起的脑膜炎也有效。

Prophylactic antibiotics can also be administered, to avoid outbreaks of bacterial meningitis like in households where individuals haven't been vaccinated against Neisseria meningitidis.

预防性抗生素也可以被给药，以避免细菌性脑膜炎发作，比如在有家属还没有接种脑膜炎奈瑟菌疫苗的家庭中。

But, by far, infection is the most common trigger for meningitis across all age groups, like with the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria or herpes simplex virus for example.

但是，到目前为止，感染是在所有年龄组中最常见的的脑膜炎诱因，比如脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌、单纯疱疹病毒。

Having an absent or non-functional spleen means a person is susceptible to encapsulated bacteria - like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Salmonella species - since encapsulated bacteria are normally opsonized and then phagocytized by macrophages in the spleen.

无脾或脾功能丧失使人容易感染荚膜菌，例如肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、脑膜炎奈瑟菌与沙门氏菌，因为荚膜菌通常被脾脏中的巨噬细胞调理并吞噬。