懒熊 （学名：Melursus ursinus）分布于印度、斯里兰卡、巴基斯坦、不丹、尼泊尔、孟加拉，是生活在低地的哺乳动物。

起初，自然学家认为懒熊应被列为树獭科而非熊科动物，因此造成这种物种曾被多次重命名。到了1790年，懒熊首次被带至欧洲后，被命名为Bradypus pentadactylus，其含义为“五指树獭”，“懒熊”和“像熊的树獭”。 懒熊原产于斯里兰卡，在僧伽罗语和淡米尔语各有不同的名称，但是其意义都是相同的，意即“熊”。懒熊是斯里兰卡岛上唯一的熊科动物。

The sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), also known as the Stickney bear or labiated bear, is a nocturnal insectivorous bear species found wild within the Indian Subcontinent. The sloth bear evolved from ancestral brown bears during the Pleistocene and shares features found in insect-eating mammals through convergent evolution. The population isolated in Sri Lanka is considered a subspecies. Unlike brown and black bears, sloth bears have lankier builds, long, shaggy coats that form a mane around the face, long, sickle-shaped claws, and a specially adapted lower lip and palate used for sucking insects. Sloth bears breed during spring and early summer and give birth near the beginning of winter. They feed on termites, honeybee colonies, and fruits. Sloth bears sometimes attack humans who encroach on their territories. Historically, humans have drastically reduced their habitat and diminished their population by hunting them for food and products such as their bacula and claws. These bears have been used as performing pets due to their tameable nature. The species is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN due to habitat loss and poaching.