黑鳕科为辐鳍鱼纲鳕形目的其中一科。

黑鳕科其下仅有一属，如下：

• 黑鳕属(Melanonus)
  • 细身黑鳕(Melanonus gracilis)
  • 大洋黑鳕(Melanonus zugmayeri)

Melanonus is a genus of gadiform fishes containing just two species of cod-like marine fishes. This is the only genus in the family Melanonidae.

Both species are small fish, no more than 15 cm (5.9 in) in length, and are black in colour. They live in the midwaters of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, well away from coasts.