平均场论（英语：Mean field theory）是一种研究复杂多体问题的方法，将数量巨大的互相作用的多体问题转化成每一个粒子处在一种弱周期场中的单体问题，这种方法常见于统计物理、固体物理和生物物理的研究中。

In physics and probability theory, mean field theory (MFT also known as self-consistent field theory) studies the behavior of large and complex stochastic models by studying a simpler model. Such models consider a large number of small individual components which interact with each other. The effect of all the other individuals on any given individual is approximated by a single averaged effect, thus reducing a many-body problem to a one-body problem.