马赫原理是指物体的运动不是绝对空间中的绝对运动，而是相对于宇宙中其他物质的相对运动，因而不仅速度是相对的，加速度也是相对的，在非惯性系中物体所受的惯性力不是“虚拟的”，而是一种引力的表现，是宇宙中其他物质对该物体的总作用；物体的惯性不是物体自身的属性，而是宇宙中其他物质作用的结果。马赫原理的具体应用可见文献。

In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of gravitation theories, Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach. The idea is that local inertial frames are determined by the large scale distribution of matter, as exemplified by this anecdote: