We'll look at two big monopolies in particular: Ma Bell and Microsoft.

我们将特别关注两大垄断企业：马贝尔和微软。

A famous example of this is what we called Ma Bell, which was also known as the Bell System.

一个著名的例子就是我们所说的 Ma Bell，也称为 Bell System。

Technically, the name was changed early on to the American Telephone And Telegraph Company , but people called it Ma Bell.

从技术上讲， 这个名字很早就改成了美国电话电报公司，但人们称它为马贝尔。

Ma Bell, which is more of an informal name for the Bell System, had a monopoly on telephone service in the United States;it's what we call a " sanctioned" or " government sanctioned" monopoly.

Ma Bell， 更多是贝尔系统的非正式名称，在美国垄断了电话服务； 这就是我们所说的“认可” 或“政府认可” 的垄断。