长尾（英语：The Long Tail），或译长尾效应，最初由《连接》的总编辑克里斯·安德森（Chris Anderson）于2004年发表于自家的杂志中，用来描述诸如亚马逊公司、Netflix和Real.com/Rhapsody之类的网站之商业和经济模式。是指那些原来不受到重视的销量小但种类多的产品或服务由于总量巨大，累积起来的总收益超过主流产品的现象。在互联网领域，长尾效应尤为显着。长尾这一术语也在统计学中被使用，通常应用在财产的分布和词汇。

In statistics and business, a long tail of some distributions of numbers is the portion of the distribution having a large number of occurrences far from the "head" or central part of the distribution. The distribution could involve popularities, random numbers of occurrences of events with various probabilities, etc. The term is often used loosely, with no definition or arbitrary definition, but precise definitions are possible.