毒麦属（学名：Lolium）是禾本科下的一个属，为多年生或一年生草本植物。该属共有约10种，分布于欧亚大陆之温带。

Lolium is a genus of tufted grasses in the bluegrass subfamily of the grass family. It is often called ryegrass, but this term is sometimes used to refer to grasses in other genera.

They are characterized by bunch-like growth habits. Lolium is native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, as well as being cultivated and naturalized in Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands. Ryegrasses are naturally diploid, with 2n = 14, and are closely related to the fescues (Festuca).