Leontief's paradox in economics is that the country with the world's highest capital-per worker has a lower capital/labor ratio in exports than in imports.

This econometric find was the result of Wassily W. Leontief's attempt to test the Heckscher–Ohlin theory empirically. In 1953, Leontief found that the United States—the most capital-abundant country in the world—exported commodities that were more labor-intensive than capital-intensive, in contradiction with Heckscher–Ohlin theory ("H–O theory").