在数学学科数值分析中，样条是一种特殊的函数，由多项式分段定义。样条的英语单词spline来源于可变形的样条工具，那是一种在造船和工程制图时用来画出光滑形状的工具。在中国大陆，早期曾经被称做“齿函数”。后来因为工程学术语中“放样”一词而得名。

在插值问题中，样条插值通常比多项式插值好用。用低阶的样条插值能产生和高阶的多项式插值类似的效果，并且可以避免被称为龙格现象的数值不稳定的出现。并且低阶的样条插值还具有“保凸”的重要性质。

在计算机科学的计算机辅助设计和计算机图形学中，样条通常是指分段定义的多项式参数曲线。由于样条构造简单，使用方便，拟合准确，并能近似曲线拟合和交互式曲线设计中复杂的形状，样条是这些领域中曲线的常用表示方法。

In mathematics, a spline is a numeric function that is piecewise-defined by polynomial functions, and which possesses a high degree of smoothness at the places where the polynomial pieces connect (which are known as knots).

In interpolating problems, spline interpolation is often preferred to polynomial interpolation because it yields similar results to interpolating with higher degree polynomials while avoiding instability due to Runge's phenomenon. In computer graphics, parametric curves whose coordinates are given by splines are popular because of the simplicity of their construction, their ease and accuracy of evaluation, and their capacity to approximate complex shapes through curve fitting and interactive curve design.