医院骑士团（英语：Knights Hospitaller），亦名罗得骑士团或圣约翰骑士团，最后演变成马耳他骑士团，成为联合国观察员的「准国家」组织持续至今，是最为古老的天主教修道骑士会之一，为历史上著名的三大骑士团之一。

成立于第一次十字军东征之后，本为本笃会在耶路撒冷为保护其医护设施而设立的军事组织，后来演变成为天主教在圣地的主要军事力量之一，其影响一直持续至今日。医院骑士团口号「守卫信仰，援助苦难！（Defence of the faith and assistance to the suffering）」

The Order of the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem (Latin:Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), also known as Order of Saint John, Order of Hospitallers, Knights Hospitaller, and the Hospitallers, was the name of the precedent medieval military organisation of the contemporary Sovereign Military Order of Malta ("SMOM"), one of the most prominent of the Roman Catholic military orders and still today a sovereign subject of international law. It was headquartered in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Rhodes and Malta, until it became known by its current name.