Java虚拟机（英语：Java Virtual Machine，缩写为JVM），一种能够运行Java bytecode的虚拟机，以堆叠结构机器来进行实做。最早由升阳电脑所研发并实现第一个实现版本，是Java平台的一部份，能够运行以Java语言写作的软件程序。

Java虚拟机有自己完善的硬体架构，如处理器、堆栈、寄存器等，还具有相应的指令系统。JVM屏蔽了与具体操作系统平台相关的信息，使得Java进程只需生成在Java虚拟机上运行的目标代码（字节码），就可以在多种平台上不加修改地运行。通过对中央处理器（CPU）所执行的软件实作，实现能执行编译过的Java进程码（Applet与应用程序）。

A Java virtual machine (JVM) is an abstract computing machine that enables a computer to run a Java program. There are three notions of the JVM: specification, implementation, and instance. The specification is a document that formally describes what is required of a JVM implementation. Having a single specification ensures all implementations are interoperable. A JVM implementation is a computer program that meets the requirements of the JVM specification. An instance of a JVM is an implementation running in a process that executes a computer program compiled into Java bytecode.