在计算复杂性理论中，交互式证明体系（下简称交互证明）是一类计算模型。像其它计算模型一样，我们的目标是对一个语言L，和一个给定的输入x，判断x是否在L中。交互式证明体系由两个实体：验证者（verifier）和证明者（prover）组成，两者都可以看作是某类图灵机。而它的计算过程为：给定了输入x，通过验证者和证明者之间交换信息，最终，由验证者来根据证明者给出的信息，判断给定的输入是不是在语言L中。

交互证明的基本假设是：证明者在计算能力上是无限的，而验证者一般设为多项式时间的、可使用随机源的图灵机。一般来说，对给定的L，我们关注的是交互证明中验证者V这一角色，并对它加以如下的要求：

In computational complexity theory, an interactive proof system is an abstract machine that models computation as the exchange of messages between two parties. The parties, the verifier and the prover, interact by exchanging messages in order to ascertain whether a given string belongs to a language or not. The prover is all-powerful and possesses unlimited computational resources, but cannot be trusted, while the verifier has bounded computation power. Messages are sent between the verifier and prover until the verifier has an answer to the problem and has "convinced" itself that it is correct.