抵押权（日语：抵当権、英语：hypothec、法语：hypothèque、德语：Hypothek），是指债权人可以在用以担保债务履行的对象物上优先于其他债权人优先受偿的权利。各国的抵押权制度一般都不以抵押物的转移占有(与质权不同)为抵押权的生效要件，因此抵押人可以继续使用抵押物并获得收益，但部分国家地区也有规定需要交付的。

日本民法中，抵押权属于一种当事者合意设定的约定担保物权，仅以不动产或特定的动产或财团为其对象，并不能在普通财产上设定。这与英美法中的mortgage比较类似，因此也往往被翻译为该词。

Hypothec (/hʌɪˈpɒθɪk/ or /ˈhʌɪpɒθɪk/; 16th century, from Fr. hypothèque, from Lat. hypotheca, from Gk. ὐποθήκη: hypothēkē), sometimes tacit hypothec, is a term used in mixed legal systems (e.g. Scots law, South African law, Ukrainian law (Ukrainian:Іпотека)) to refer to an express or implied non-possessory real security over corporeal movable property. This real right in security operates by way of hypothecation, often arises by operation of law (generally statute), and gives a creditor a preferential right to have claims paid out of the hypothecated property as last recourse when the debtor is in default. At common law it is equivalent to an American non-possessory lien or English legal charge.