保守串行（英语：conserved sequences）在生物学中是指在核酸串行（如RNA及DNA串行）、蛋白质串行、蛋白质串行或多聚糖串行内相似或相同的串行，这种情况可以发生在各物种间（种间同源串行）或由相同生物产生的不同分子（种内同源串行）间。对于物种间保守的情况，这意味着尽管物种形成一些特定的串行仍在进化过程中被保留了下来。也就是说系统树越向上推，特定串行越保守。因为串行信息在通常情况下通过基因自双亲传向子代，那幺一条保守串行即意味着存在着一条保守基因。

In biology, conserved sequences are similar or identical sequences that occur within nucleic acid sequences (such as RNA and DNA sequences), protein sequences, protein structures or polymeric carbohydrates across species (orthologous sequences) or within different molecules produced by the same organism (paralogous sequences). In the case of cross species conservation, this indicates that a particular sequence may have been maintained by evolution despite speciation. The further back up the phylogenetic tree a particular conserved sequence may occur the more highly conserved it is said to be. Since sequence information is normally transmitted from parents to progeny by genes, a conserved sequence implies that there is a conserved gene.