奥托·冯·居里克（Otto von Guericke，1602年11月20日－1686年5月11日）德国物理学家、政治家，曾于1646年至1676年间任马德堡市市长。他于1650年发明了活塞式真空泵，并利用这一发明于1657年设计并进行了著名的马德堡半球实验，展示了大气压的大小并推翻了之前亚里士多德提出的“自然界厌恶真空”（即自然界不存在真空，horror vacui）的假说。

Otto von Guericke (originally spelled Gericke, German pronunciation:[ˈɡeːʁɪkə]) (November 20, 1602 – May 11, 1686 (Julian calendar); November 30, 1602 – May 21, 1686 (Gregorian calendar)) was a German scientist, inventor, and politician. His major scientific achievements were the establishment of the physics of vacuums, the discovery of an experimental method for clearly demonstrating electrostatic repulsion, and his advocacy of the reality of "action at a distance" and of "absolute space".