将棋（しょうぎ），又称日本象棋、亦称本将棋（本，基本之意），是一种盛行于日本的棋类游戏。

将棋的始祖可能是中国的宝应象棋或是从东南亚传入的印度恰图兰卡，特别是与泰国象棋的相似性。在日本最早的纪录是平安将棋，之后分支成小将棋、中将棋、大将棋、大大将棋、天竺大将棋、摩诃大大将棋、泰将棋、大局将棋等诸多日本将棋变体，传说再由后奈良天皇改良小将棋，去除棋子醉象，成为现在流行的日本将棋。

Shogi(将棋,shōgi) (/ˈʃoʊɡiː/, Japanese: [ɕo̞ːɡi] or [ɕo̞ːŋi]), also known as Japanese chess or the Generals' Game, is a two-player strategy board game in the same family as Western (international) chess, chaturanga, makruk, shatranj, janggi and xiangqi, and is the most popular of a family of chess variants native to Japan. Shōgi means general's (shō 将) board game (gi 棋).