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词汇 Gibbs Ensemble
分类 英语词汇 英语翻译词典
释义

Gibbs Ensemble

中文百科

正则系综 Canonical ensemble

（重定向自Gibbs Ensemble）

正则系综 (canonical ensemble)是统计力学中系综的一种。它代表了许多具有相同温度的体系的集合。正则系综是最普遍应用的系综。

正则系综内每个体系的粒子数和体积都是固定的。但每个体系都可以和系综内其他体系交换能量。同时系综里所有体系的能量总和，以及体系的个数是固定的。在这些条件下，当系综内所有体系被分配到不同的微观态上，我们发现：处于每个微观态的体系的个数正比于\exp(-\beta E)\,。其中\beta =1/k_B T\,，k_B\,是玻尔兹曼常数，T\,是绝对温度。

正则系综的配分函数， Z \,，是：

配分函数的对数就是亥姆霍兹自由能（Helmholtz free energy，符号 F\,）

英语百科

Canonical ensemble 正则系综

（重定向自Gibbs Ensemble）
Example of canonical ensemble for a quantum system consisting of one particle in a potential well.Plot of all possible states of this system. The available stationary states displayed as horizontal bars of varying darkness according to |ψi(x)|2.A canonical ensemble for this system, for the temperature shown. The states are weighted exponentially in energy.The particle's Hamiltonian is Schrödinger-type, Ĥ = U(x) + p2/2m (the potential U(x) is plotted as a red curve). Each panel shows an energy-position plot with the various stationary states, along with a side plot showing the distribution of states in energy.
Example of canonical ensemble for a classical system consisting of one particle in a potential well.Plot of all possible states of this system. The available physical states are evenly distributed in phase space, but with an uneven distribution in energy; the side-plot displays dv/dE.A canonical ensemble for this system, for the temperature shown. The states are weighted exponentially in energy.Each panel shows phase space (upper graph) and energy-position space (lower graph). The particle's Hamiltonian is H = U(x) + p2/2m, with the potential U(x) shown as a red curve. The side plot shows the distribution of states in energy.

In statistical mechanics, a canonical ensemble is the statistical ensemble that represents the possible states of a mechanical system in thermal equilibrium with a heat bath at some fixed temperature. The system can exchange energy with the heat bath, so that the states of the system will differ in total energy.
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