犀牛蟑螂（学名：Macropanesthia rhinoceros），又称为犀牛蜚蠊、澳洲犀牛蟑螂、巨型挖洞蟑螂，原产于澳大利亚，常见于昆士兰热带地区。此物种最长可达8.3厘米，重63克，是纪录中全球最重的大蟑螂。犀牛蟑螂是卵胎生物种，生长到成体前要脱皮12到13次，每次刚脱皮后除眼睛外通体纯白色，寿命长达10年。犀牛蟑螂并不像其他蟑螂一样长有翅膀，一般不被视为害虫，因为它们以落叶，特别是桉树叶为食，并且重新利用其他物质，在生态系统中扮演着极其重要的角色。就如它们的俗名巨型挖洞蟑螂所描述，它们可以在土壤中挖掘深达1米的洞穴，并将洞穴作为固定居所。雄雌可以通过头顶是否有凹陷来判断，雄性有而雌性无。

The giant burrowing cockroach (Macropanesthia rhinoceros) is also known as the rhinoceros cockroach and litter bug. They are native to Australia and mostly found in tropical parts of Queensland. They are the world's heaviest species of cockroach (although Blaberus giganteus is the longest) and can weigh up to 35 g (1.2 oz) and measure up to 80 mm (3.1 in) in length. They can live for up to 10 years. Unlike some other cockroaches, they do not have wings and are not considered pests. The cockroach plays a vital part in the ecosystem by consuming dead leaves, eucalyptus in particular, and recycling other matter. True to their name, they may burrow down in soil to a depth of about 1 m (3 ft 3 in), where they make permanent homes. Adult males and females can be differentiated by the size of the "scoop" on the pronotum, which covers the head; the male having a much more pronounced scoop. They grow by shedding their outer shells 12 or 13 times before reaching full size. When a cockroach moults, it will appear pure white except for the eyes. The species is ovoviviparous.