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词汇 Genetic background
分类 英语词汇 英语翻译词典
释义

Genetic background

原声例句
简单心理学

Someone's genetic background will also contribute to their mental health.

一个人的基因背景也会是影响心理健康的因素。

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To avoid this problem, some scientists are banking stem cells from individuals with the most common genetic backgrounds.

要避免这个问题，一些科学家存储来自具有最通用遗传背景个体的干细胞。

连线杂志

Well, actually there's evidence now looking at different mouse strains, so these are mice with different genetic backgrounds, that actually showing calorie restriction doesn't work quite as well in all of them.

实际上现在有证据正在研究不同的小鼠品系，所以这些是具有不同遗传背景的小鼠，但实际上它们显示卡路里限制在所有这些小鼠中并没有那么好的效果。

英语百科

Epistasis

The gene for total baldness is epistatic to those for blond hair or red hair. The baldness phenotype supersedes genes for hair colour and so the effects are non-additive.
Quantitative trait values after two mutations either alone (Ab and aB) or in combination (AB). Bars contained in the grey box indicate the combined trait value under different circumstances of epistasis. Upper panel indicates epistasis between beneficial mutations (blue).[5][6] Lower panel indicates epistasis between deleterious mutations (red).[7][8]
Since, on average, mutations are deleterious, random mutations to an organism cause a decline in fitness. If all mutations are additive, fitness will fall proportionally to mutation number (black line). When deleterious mutations display negative (synergistic) epistasis, they are more deleterious in combination than individually and so fitness falls with the number of mutations at an increasing rate (upper, red line). When mutations display positive (antagonistic) epistasis, effects of mutations are less severe in combination than individually and so fitness falls at a decreasing rate (lower, blue line).[7][8][9][10]
The top row indicates interactions between two genes that are either additive (a), show positive epistasis (b) or reciprocal sign epistasis (c). Below are fitness landscapes which display greater and greater levels of global epistasis between large numbers of genes. Purely additive interactions lead to a single smooth peak (d), as increasing numbers of genes exhibit epistasis, the landscape becomes more rugged (e) and when all genes interact epistatically the landscape becomes so rugged that mutations have seemingly random effects (f).

Epistasis is the phenomenon of the effect of one gene being dependent on the presence of one or more 'modifier genes', the genetic background. Thus, epistatic mutations have different effects in combination than individually. It was originally a concept from genetics but is now used in biochemistry, computational biology and evolutionary biology. It arises due to interactions, either between genes, or within them, leading to non-additive effects. Epistasis has a large influence on the shape of evolutionary landscapes, which leads to profound consequences for evolution and evolvability of phenotype traits.
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