Fundus photography
![Normal fundus photographs of the right eye (left image) and left eye (right image), seen from front so that left in each image is to the person's right. Each fundus has no sign of disease or pathology. The gaze is into the camera, so in each picture the macula is in the center of the image, and the optic disk is located towards the nose. Both optic disks have some pigmentation at the perimeter of the lateral side, which is considered normal (non-pathological). The orange appearance of the normal fundus is due to complexes of vitamin A as 11-cis-retinaldehyde with opsin proteins in the retina (i.e rhodopsin).
The left image (right eye) shows lighter areas close to larger vessels, which is regarded as a normal finding in younger people.](/Images/godic/202501/14/Fundus_photograph_of_normal_right_eye1713.jpg")
![](/Images/godic/202501/14/Fundus_photograph_of_normal_left_eye1713.jpg")
![A fundus camera.](/Images/godic/202501/14/2010-12-07-funduskamera-by-RalfR-021713.jpg")
![An OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) camera can instantly obtain cross-section images of sub-surface layers of translucent or opaque materials such as the structure of the retina.](/Images/godic/202501/14/OCT_Optical_Coherence_Comography_camera_Topcon_3D_OCT_20001713.jpg")
Fundus photography involves capturing a photograph of the back of the eye i.e. fundus. Specialized fundus cameras that consist of an intricate microscope attached to a flashed enabled camera are used in fundus photography. The main structures that can be visualized on a fundus photo are the central and peripheral retina, optic disc and macula. Fundus photography can be performed with colored filters, or with specialized dyes including fluorescein and indocyanine green.