For diagnosis, a full blood count and peripheral blood smear should be performed.

诊断应包括全血细胞计数与外周血涂片检查。

On the full blood count, the mean corpuscular volume, which reflects the size of the red blood cell, is usually normal or low, for the congenital causes.

在先天性铁粒幼细胞性贫血的全血细胞计数中，反映红细胞大小的平均红细胞体积，通常是正常或降低的。

Labs including full blood count, liver enzymes and serology can be useful to identify the cause and an upper GI Endoscopy can identify esophageal varices in order to treat them appropriately.

包括全血细胞计数、肝酶和血清学在内的实验室检查，可用于确定病因；上消化道内窥镜检查可以识别食管静脉曲张，以便对其进行适当治疗。