锚定效应（英语：Anchoring Effect，或focalism），心理学名词，是认知偏差的一种。

人类在进行决策时，会过度偏重最早取得的第一笔信息（这称为锚点），即使这个信息与这项决定明显无关。在进行决策时，人类倾向于利用最早取得的片断信息，以快速做出决定，在接下来的决定中，再用第一个决定为基准点，逐步修正。但是人类容易过度利用第一个锚点，来对其他信息与决定做出诠释，当第一个参考用的锚点与实际上的事实之间的有很大出入，就会造成偏误。

Anchoring or focalism is a cognitive bias that describes the common human tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information offered (the "anchor") when making decisions. During decision making, anchoring occurs when individuals use an initial piece of information to make subsequent judgments. Once an anchor is set, other judgments are made by adjusting away from that anchor, and there is a bias toward interpreting other information around the anchor. For example, the initial price offered for a used car sets the standard for the rest of the negotiations, so that prices lower than the initial price seem more reasonable even if they are still higher than what the car is really worth.