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词汇 Facultative bacteria
分类 英语词汇 英语翻译词典
释义

Facultative bacteria

原声例句
Osmosis-消化

That makes the environment on the enamel surface favorable for facultative anaerobic bacteria, which can metabolize sugars with and without oxygen present.

这使牙釉质表面的环境有利于兼性厌氧菌生存；兼性厌氧菌即使在缺氧的情况下也可以代谢糖类。

中文百科

兼性厌氧菌 Facultative anaerobic organism

（重定向自Facultative bacteria）
图为5支培养有不同种类微生物的试管。试管内的培养基为巯基乙酸肉汤。 1中培养的是专性需氧微生物。因为它们不能进行发酵及无氧呼吸，所以它们浮在了氧含量最高的上层。 2中培养的是专性厌氧微生物。因为它们体内因无过氧化氢酶等物质无法在有氧条件下存货，故浮在氧含量最低的下层。 3中培养的是兼性厌氧菌。它们既可以在有氧条件下也能够在无氧条件下生存，所以它们分布在试管培养基上的各处。但因为有氧呼吸较无氧呼吸能产生更多的ATP（三磷酸腺苷），故更多的菌体分布在上层。 4中培养的是微需氧微生物。它们不能进行发酵及无氧呼吸，也不能在高氧浓度环境中存活，故它们浮在试管中上层。5中培养的是耐氧厌氧生物。这种细菌不能进行有氧呼吸，但却可以在高氧浓度环境下存活，所以它们均匀地分布在试管培养基上各处。
酵母菌系一种典型的兼性厌氧菌

兼性厌氧菌是一类既可以进行有氧呼吸，也能够进行无氧呼吸或发酵的微生物。在氧气充足时，它们会通过有氧呼吸来产生ATP（三磷酸腺苷），但当氧气缺乏时，它们的呼吸方式就会变为无氧呼吸 。与其不同，专性需氧微生物在无氧环境下无法产生ATP；专性厌氧微生物则因为无过氧化氢酶等物质而会在有氧环境下死亡。

葡萄球菌属、链球菌属、大肠杆菌、 李斯特菌奥奈达湖希瓦氏菌 均为兼性厌氧菌。一些真核生物，比如像酵母菌这样的真菌亦属兼性厌氧菌之列。此外，沙蚕等部分水生无脊椎动物的呼吸方式亦与兼性厌氧菌相同。

英语百科

Facultative anaerobic organism 兼性厌氧菌

（重定向自Facultative bacteria）
Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by growing them in test tubes of thioglycollate broth: 1: Obligate aerobes need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. They gather at the top of the tube where the oxygen concentration is highest. 2: Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, so they gather at the bottom of the tube where the oxygen concentration is lowest. 3: Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolise energy aerobically or anaerobically. They gather mostly at the top because aerobic respiration generates more ATP than either fermentation or anaerobic respiration. 4: Microaerophiles need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However, they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen. They gather in the upper part of the test tube but not the very top. 5: Aerotolerant organisms do not require oxygen as they metabolise energy anaerobically. Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread throughout the test tube.
酵母菌系一种典型的兼性厌氧菌

A facultative anaerobe is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation or anaerobic respiration if oxygen is absent. An obligate aerobe, by contrast, cannot make ATP in the absence of oxygen, and obligate anaerobes die in the presence of oxygen.
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