航天飞机外储箱（Space Shuttle External Tank，简称ET）是航天飞机的组件之一，用于储存液氢（燃料）和液氧（氧化剂）。航天飞机发射升空期间，由外储箱为轨道器中的三台航天飞机主发动机提供加压氧化剂和燃料。外储箱在主发动机停车后10秒后分离，再入大气层。与航天飞机固体助推器不同，外储箱是一次性的，在落入印度洋（按照当前使用的直接入轨发射弹道，将落入太平洋）前就已碎裂以防止影响已知航线。

外储箱由洛克希德·马丁公司承包，在米丘德装配厂制造，并由拖船运到肯尼迪航天中心。

A Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) was the component of the Space Shuttle launch vehicle that contained the liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer. During lift-off and ascent it supplied the fuel and oxidizer under pressure to the three Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSME) in the orbiter. The ET was jettisoned just over 10 seconds after MECO (Main Engine Cut Off), where the SSMEs were shut down, and re-entered the Earth's atmosphere. Unlike the Solid Rocket Boosters, external tanks were not re-used. They broke up before impact in the Indian Ocean (or Pacific Ocean in the case of direct-insertion launch trajectories), away from shipping lanes and were not recovered.