虎脂鲤科为辐鳍鱼纲脂鲤目的其一科。

虎脂鲤科下分3个属，如下：

The Erythrinidae are a family of fishes found in rivers and other freshwater habitats from Costa Rica south as far as Argentina. They are common and are caught with hooks by fishermen, partially because of their voracious behaviour. They are sometimes called trahiras or tarariras.