生命泛指一类具有稳定的物质和能量代谢现象并且能回应刺激、能进行自我复制（繁殖）的半开放物质系统。简单来说，也就是由有生命机制的物体。生命个体一定会经历出生、成长、衰老和死亡。生命种群则在一代代个体的更替中经过自然选择发生进化以适应环境。生物学则是以研究生命为中心的科学。

生命的最小单位是生物，生物是由一个或多个细胞组成，能够新陈代谢，维持恒定性，可以成长，回应刺激，可以繁殖甚至演化，以适应外界环境，继续繁殖并产生后代。在地球的生物圈内可以找到许多不同的生物，在这些生物中（包括植物、动物、真菌、原生生物、古菌及细菌），都有共同的特征，都是由以碳和水为基础的细胞构成，有其组织以及可以遗传的基因信息。

Life is a characteristic distinguishing physical entities having biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased, or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate. Various forms of life exist such as plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria. The criteria can at times be ambiguous and may or may not define viruses, viroids or potential artificial life as living. Biology is the primary science concerned with the study of life, although many other sciences are involved.