石首鱼科（学名：Sciaenidae）又名硬头鱼，为辐鳍鱼纲鲈形目的其中一科。

本科于广泛分布于全球热带、亚热带海域，少数分布在淡水水域。

Sciaenidae is the family of fish commonly called drums or croakers in reference to the repetitive throbbing or drumming sounds they make. The family includes the weakfish, and consists of about 275 species in about 70 genera; it belongs to the order Perciformes.