Dōjinshi(同人志, often transliterated as doujinshi) is the Japanese term for self-published works, usually magazines, manga or novels. Dōjinshi are often the work of amateurs, though some professional artists participate as a way to publish material outside the regular industry. The term dōjinshi is derived from dōjin(同人, literally "same person", used to refer to a person or persons with whom one shares a common goal or interest) and shi(志, a suffix generally meaning "periodical publication"). Dōjinshi are part of a wider category of dōjin including art collections, anime, hentai and games. Groups of dōjinshi artists refer to themselves as a sākuru(サークル, circle). A number of such groups actually consist of a single artist: they are sometimes called kojin sākuru(个人サークル, personal circles).